On the Sun's surface and in its atmosphere, there are many different kinds of action. Here are some of the most common:
Sunspots: They are dark spots on the surface of the Sun that are caused by the magnetic field of the Sun. they are located at photosphere. Sunspots can be different sizes and shapes, and they usually come in pairs. Why they appear dark? 🙆 Because here temperature is down than their surroundings. Dark central of sunspot is known as umbra and surrounded by less dark region, called penumbra. Why is the temperature of the sunspots lower than their surroundings? 🙆 It is due to the existence of strong magnetic fields in the sunspots.
Solar flares: Solar flares are rapid, powerful bursts of energy that happen on the surface of the Sun and send out a lot of radiation into space. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) can happen at the same time as solar flares. It happens near to sunspots.
Coronal
mass ejections (CMEs): CMEs are big blasts of plasma from
the Sun's corona that can move at up to 3 million kilometers per hour. CMEs can
change the Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere in big ways. In CMEs, billons
of tons of coronal material are released, in which mainly electron, protons,
ions, plasma and magnetic field are present. This material spread into far
space. And meet with solar wind they travel long distances and affects the planets
and satellites.
Prominences: They are big, bright loops of gas that stick out from the surface of the Sun.
They are made by the Sun's magnetic field. Prominences can be seen during a sun
eclipse and can last for weeks.
Solar
wind:
Solar wind is a flow of charged particles that comes from the Sun and changes
the magnetic field of the Earth. The solar wind can cause the Northern and
Southern Lights and can also mess up communications and power lines.
